2005年高考英语第二轮总复习讲座之九(人教版高考复习英语教案教学设计)

Unit9 非谓语动词

一、考点聚焦

1、非谓语动词的句法功能

名称 语 法 功 能

主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语

不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √

动名词 √ √ √ √

现在分词 √ √ √ √

过去分词 √ √ √ √

2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题

（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。

His job is to guard.(说明内容)

be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)

（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。

下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。

下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。

（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。

①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。

②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：

主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + do sth.

③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/

consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done

④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.

（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。

①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。

②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

There is no one to look after her.

③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。

She is now looking for a room to live in.

（5）不定式作状语的用法。

不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。

We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .

in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.

I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。

①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。

The novel was said to have been published.

I regret to have been with you for so many years.

seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。

此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。

I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）

②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。

（7）不定式的省略。

①同一结构并列由and或or连接。

I want to finish my homework and go home.

I’m really puzzled what to think or say.

特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.

He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)

②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。

What he did was lose the game.

③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。

Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.

④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。

⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如：

He could not but walk home.

（8）不定式的替代。

多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：

Susan is not what she used to be.

-You came late last night. You ought to have finished your

homework.

-I know I ought to have.

常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.

3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题

（1）动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。

④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：

begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand

例 句 解 析

1. It began to rain. It began raining.

2. It was beginning to snow.

3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.

4. I like listening to music, but today I don’t like to.

5. I don’ t prefer to swim in the river now.

1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。

2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。

remember, forget, regret, try

例 句 解 析

1. I remember to meet her at the station.

I remember seeing her once somewhere.

2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday.

I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.

3. I regret not having working hard.

I regret to hear of your sister’s death.

4. Try knocking at the back door.

We must try to get everything ready.

5. That will mean flooding some land.

I had meant to go on Monday. 1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事

remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事

2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事

forget doing sth.忘记做过的事

3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉

regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔

4. try to do sth.设法……，试图

try doing sth.试试看，试一试

5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要

mean doing sth.意味着，就是

want, require, need

例 句 解 析

These desks need repairing.

These desks need to be repaired.

The patient required examined

The patient required to be examined. 1. need doing 需要被做

need to be done需要被做

2. want doing

want to be done

3. require doing

require to be done

4、分词复习应注意的几个问题

（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）

Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.

Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.

②原因状语

Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note

③伴随状语

The girls came in, following their parents.

④结果状语

The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.

注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

（2）分词作表语。

S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：

感官动词 动词原形→做了某事

S．+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事

使役动词 过去分词→做了或被做

5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题

过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。

（1）过去分词作原因状语

Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.

= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.

Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.

=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.

（2）作时间状语

Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.

=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.

（3）作条件状语

Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.

=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.

（4）伴随状语

The teacher came in, followed by some students.

=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.

分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：

Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001)

ng suffered ering suffer ered

解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。

2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(2001年春季高考)

ect ecting ects correct

解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过……，凭……”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. –ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。

3. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考)

ng hung ing s g hung

解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。

三、专项训练

1. Do you notice the boy_______the street now?

sing s cross sed

2. Have you heard someone_______at the door?

king k knock knocking

3. The thief was watched_______a bank.

r red enter entered

4. We can depend on the workers_______out the plan.

ying y ied carry

5. Have you got enough room_______all the people?

seat ing ed be seated

6. He is said_______six foreign languages.

learn have learned ned g learning

7. Is it possible_______in two months?

building to finish 　　　　　　 the building to finish

the building to be finished 　 building to be finished

8. The film is reported_______on show at the cinema.

g be being be

9. _______as the best one in the class,he won high praise.

rded rding regard rd

10. I couldn't help_______sorry for coming late.

ing feel

11. _______in an accident,the passengers were taken to a nearby hospital.

g injured 　ring

red 　　　　 be injured

12. The soldier did everything he could_______the boy in water.

ng d save

13. The woman_______is my English teacher.

g spoken to speak to king to en

14. Professor Saifer set out_______ancient history two years ago.

ying study y ied

15. She spoke too quickly_______.

understand to understand be walking ing

16. We talked while_______.

walk ed be walking ing

17. There was an_______book on his face when the actress appeared.

ted te ting tedly

18. We were all_______at the_______news.

rised;surprised 　　rised;surprising

rising;surprising 　rising;surprised

19. This is the very problem_______this morning.

uss ussed be discussed ussing

20. It is well known that a tiger looks very_______.

htened 　　 g frightened

frighten 　　htening

21. _______the performance started.

r we took our seats 　ng taken our seats

ng our seats 　　　　 g taken the seats.

22. _______worried us very much.

fell in 　　　　　's falling ill

has fallen ill 　 to fall ill

23. This question needs_______with great care.

study g studied ying ied

24. I still remember_______to Beijing when I was a child.

g taken ng take be taken

25. _______up and down the platform,he looked anxiously at his watch all the time.

walk have walked ng walked ing

26. What about_______a walk outside?

take ng g taken ng taken

27. The instrument is used_______machines.

king be checked check checking

28. -There is something wrong with your TV set.

-Yes,I'm going to have it_______.

ired repair ir be repaired

29. The secretary worked late into the night,_______a long speech for the president.

repare ared preparing aring

30. Because of my poor English,I can't make myself_______.

rstand rstood understand rstanding

31. The murderer was brought in with his hands_______behind his back.

g tied ng tied d be tired

32. Don't you remember_______?

ng the man before 　 see the man before

the man before 　　 have seen the man before

33. Do you mind_______the meeting till next week?

forward ing off put off ing down

34. The bird was lucky that it just missed_______.

hing be caught g caught catch

35. He forgot_______the manager his business card already so he handed him another one.

hand have handed g handed ng handed

36. He suggested_______a film tonight.

g and seeing 　　　　 go and see

to see 　　　　　　 to see

37. These children_______taking care of.

ire mber

38. I can hardly imagine Peter_______across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

sail ing have sailed

39. The poor woman with her two children_______in the street corner.

seen beg 　　 seen beg

seen begging seen begging

40. There was a terrible noise_______the sudden burst of light.

owing owed be followed g followed

41. Most of the artists_______to the party were from South Africa.

invite ted g invited been invited

42. I've heard him_______about you often.

e ks k en

43. The two pens are so alike that I really don't know_______.

e to choose 　 choose what

choose which 　h to choose

44. John kept quiet about his mistake_______lose his job.

as not to 　　 not as to

as to not 　　 so as to

45. Tell him_______here late again tomorrow.

not to to be not be g not to be

46. Though he had often made his little sister_______,today he was made_______by his sister.

;to cry ng;crying ;cry cry;cry

47. They would not allow him_______across the enemy line.

ing to go 　　 risk to go

risk going 　　 going

48. Before I arrived in London,I had never heard a word of English_______.

k en be spoken king

49. She pretended_______me when I passed by.

seeing not see ng not seen to see

50. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_______on a big rock by the side of the path.

rest ing have rested

51. Last summer I took a course on_______.

to be made dresses 　 dresses to be made

to lmake dresses 　　 dresses being made

52. The ice is too thin to_______.

on ing on on it

53. The cry of boy_______could be heard far away.

g beaten 　 have been beaten

be beaten 　en by his father

54. My aunt's job is_______children in the nursery.

looking after　ing for

ng for 　　　　 take care of

55. I don't think it's much good_______.

e e ten ing

56. He regretted_______the work_______.

have left;unfinished 　　　ing;unfinished

ing;not being finished 　 to leave;finishing

57. _______a seat,she left her things on it.

g found ng found d find

58. The teacher found nobody but Jack_______in the room.

ing ed

59. I won't have you_______up and down all day.

ing run

60. That you gave him such a book to read meant_______.

ing his time 　　　　 waste his time

g wasted his time 　 be wasted his time

61. The wounded soldier escaped_______in the fighting.

ing 　　　　　　　　 g killed

be killed 　　　　　　ng killed

62. Does your shirt want_______,h?

g washed wash be washing be washed

63. To answer correctly is more important than_______.

sh quickly 　　　　　shing quickly

finish quickly 　　　 you finish quickly

64. Will you permit me_______to the cinema?

go g have gone

65. There seemed nothing else to do but_______a doctor.

send for for for call on

66. _______paper can be made use of again.

ing es waste ed

67. sett seemed_______the visitor somewhere.

meet be meeting have met ing

68. She happened_______in Shanghai when the war broke out.

study ying be studying ied

69. The pen_______on the table belongs to me.

g h it is

70. _______,Mary had to ask for leave to tend her.

g ill 　　　　　　 mother being ill

mother was ill 　 mother to be ill

71. We have known little about the have never heard it openly______.

ussing discuss g discussed ussed

72. A cold rain was falling,_______with ice balls.

d ng mix ng mixed

73. When_______why he was late,he just stared at us and said nothing.

g asked ng d be asked

74. We had never spent a_______day.

worried worrying worrying worried

75. With the horse_______the way,we had no trouble finding the place.

lead ng led ing

76. _______two telephone calls,he hurried back to his car.

ng made ng have made r having made

77. _______the answer _______a blank on his test paper.

to know;put 　　 having known;made

knowing;left 　 ing not;kept

78. Her parents objected to_______that farmer,though he has a lot of money.

marrying ying y marrying with

79. Almost everyone fails_______on the first try.

passing his driver's test 　　　　 pass his driver's test

have passed his driver's test 　　ing his driver's test

80. Please excuse my_______in without_______.

;asking 　　　　　　ng;asking

come;being asked 　　ng;being asked

81. I would appreciate_______back this afternoon.

to call call calling are calling

82. My wish is_______an engineer.

become ming me g come

83. Isabel can't stand anyone_______noises during a concert.

make ng be making ng made

84. My friend Peter lost a lot of weight_______every day.

exercise 　　　　 exercise

exercising 　　 exercising

85. When people eat at restaurants,they prefer_______for a table_______with people they don't know.

ing;to sitting 　ing;than sitting

wait;to sit 　　　 wait;than sit

86. -When will you see your father?

-I'm looking forward_______this summer vacation.

see him 　　　　　 have seen him

seeing him 　　　 be seeing him

87. I delayed_______your letter because I had been away for a week.

answer ering ered g answered

88. Did you forget_______the same question last week?

ask had asked be asked g asked

89. I'm sorry I forget_______your 's borrow one from Li Ping.

bring ging take ng

90. Besides her research work,Mary has a sick mother at home_______.

look after 　　　 be looked after

ng care of 　　 n care of

91. While watching television_______.

doorbell rang 　　　　　　 doorbell was rung

heard the doorbell ring 　 bell of the door rang

92. He advised_______there as soon as possible.

to driving to drive driving drive

93. The doctor insisted on_______a good rest of before going back to work.

to take took taken taking

94. I was deep in thought.I didn't notice_______.

come in came in to come in coming in

95. We have never observed him_______to his parents like that.

speaking speak k king

96. I regretted_______your advice.

ng not taken having taken ng not take

97. The night club,_______last month,was popular with the college students near it.

g opened be opened ed be opening

98. He was left_______in the park,with no one looking after him.

ing ing seat sit

99. They made laws_______the black_______the white.

separate;to 　　　rate;from

rating;to 　　　 separate;from

100. If you fail,you may try_______it in another way.

do g g done

101. -How did you manage_______to the airport?

-I got Charlie_______me there.

get;to drive 　　　 get;driving

ing;to drive 　　 ing;driving

参考答案

1-10 ABCDA BCDAB 11-20 CDABC DABCD

21-30 ABCAD BCADB 31-40 CABCD ABCDA

41-50 BCDAB ACBDA 51-60 CBACD BBDCA

61-70 BDCAB DCCAB 71-80 DACBD ACABD

81-90 CABDA CBDAA 91-101 CBDAC BCADB C